After graduation in 1614, he studied for two years (1615–16) at the University of Poitiers, earning a Baccalauréat and Licence in canon and civil law in 1616, in accordance with his father's wishes that he should become a lawyer. In 1607, late because of his fragile health, he entered the Jesuit Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand at La Flèche, where he was introduced to mathematics and physics, including Galileo's work.
Although the Descartes family was Roman Catholic, the Poitou region was controlled by the Protestant Huguenots. : 22 René lived with his grandmother and with his great-uncle. Descartes' father, Joachim, was a member of the Parlement of Brittany at Rennes. His mother, Jeanne Brochard, died soon after giving birth to him, and so he was not expected to survive. René Descartes was born in La Haye en Touraine, Province of Touraine (now Descartes, Indre-et-Loire), France, on 31 March 1596.
The house where Descartes was born in La Haye en Touraine Descartes was also one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution. He is credited as the father of analytic geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry-used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes's influence in mathematics is equally apparent the Cartesian coordinate system was named after him. ĭescartes's Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Leibniz, Spinoza, and Descartes were all well-versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed greatly to science as well. It was the 17th-century arch-rationalists like Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz who have given the " Age of Reason" its name and place in history. In the 17th-century Dutch Republic, the rise of early modern rationalism – as a highly systematic school of philosophy in its own right for the first time in history – exerted an immense and profound influence on modern Western thought in general, with the birth of two influential rationalistic philosophical systems of Descartes (who spent most of his adult life and wrote all his major work in the United Provinces of the Netherlands) and Spinoza – namely Cartesianism and Spinozism. He laid the foundation for 17th-century continental rationalism, later advocated by Spinoza and Leibniz, and was later opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. ĭescartes has often been called the father of modern philosophy, and is largely seen as responsible for the increased attention given to epistemology in the 17th century. In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul, an early modern treatise on emotions, Descartes goes so far as to assert that he will write on this topic "as if no one had written on these matters before." His best known philosophical statement is " cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am" French: Je pense, donc je suis), found in Discourse on the Method (1637 in French and Latin) and Principles of Philosophy (1644, in Latin). Refusing to accept the authority of previous philosophers, Descartes frequently set his views apart from the philosophers who preceded him. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of God's act of creation. In his natural philosophy, he differed from the schools on two major points: first, he rejected the splitting of corporeal substance into matter and form second, he rejected any appeal to final ends, divine or natural, in explaining natural phenomena. Many elements of Descartes's philosophy have precedents in late Aristotelianism, the revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or in earlier philosophers like Augustine. One of the most notable intellectual figures of the Dutch Golden Age, Descartes is also widely regarded as one of the founders of modern philosophy and algebraic geometry. He spent a large portion of his working life in the Dutch Republic, initially serving the Dutch States Army of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and the Stadtholder of the United Provinces. René Descartes ( / d eɪ ˈ k ɑːr t/ or UK: / ˈ d eɪ k ɑːr t/ French: ( listen) Latinized: Renatus Cartesius 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650 : 58 ) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who invented analytic geometry, linking the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra.
0 kommentar(er)
